3 Questions to Ask Before Filing for Bankruptcy
The following is provided for informational purposes only.
There’s no blog post, magazine article, or checklist that can tell you whether or not bankruptcy is right for you. There are too many variables.
That said, there are definitely signs that tell you when to start seriously considering bankruptcy as a possible solution.
Reasons to File for Bankruptcy
What are the burdens you’re feeling right now?
- Loss of income
- Overwhelming unsecured debt
- Significant medical bills
- Divorce
- Foreclosure
- Pending lawsuits
- Garnished wages
- Delinquent taxes
How many of these apply to you? They’re all common factors that can lead individuals to file for bankruptcy.
Any one of those things can potentially put you in a position where bankruptcy is the answer. It’s really about degrees. Consider what’s holding you back and ask yourself, “What can I do to fix this?”
Most of the difficulties that push us towards bankruptcy can be addressed. Some can’t. So take the time to sort out what’s put you in such a dire position and do your best to craft reasonable solutions to those problems. Speak to friends, speak to financial counselors. If there are no feasible solutions, bankruptcy might be the next step.
Do Your Liabilities Outweigh Your Assets?
If you haven’t done it recently, take a moment to add up all of your liquid assets. That means the current value of your home, your car, your personal savings, retirement funds and investments (stocks, etc.). You don’t have to be exact, but put together a rough estimate.
Now add up your liabilities – that’s all your bills (credit debt, outstanding loans, medical bills, etc.).
Which one is bigger? If your liabilities outweigh your assets, that doesn’t necessarily mean you should file for bankruptcy. It just means you can put another checkmark in the “Maybe I need to talk to a lawyer” column. And the bigger the deficit, the bigger that checkmark should be.
Does Your Income Qualify for Bankruptcy?
A means test is a somewhat complicated formula that determines whether or not an individual is eligible to file for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. Since Chapter 7 includes total liquidation of all eligible debts (where everything gets wiped away), the test is designed to prevent those who have the “means” with which to pay back all or some of the debt from receiving this level of relief. Those who don’t pass the means test for Chapter 7 bankruptcy are still eligible for Chapter 13 – which functions more as a repayment plan.
As noted, the means test for bankruptcy is complicated and your attorney will walk you through it if you decide to file, but there are a few general guidelines that can tell you right off the bat whether or not you qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy.
Census.gov maintains an up-to-date list of median household incomes by state. Find your state and your family size on this chart. Is your monthly household income less than the median for a family your size in your state?
If yes, then you qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy – no other equations necessary.
If no, you may still qualify, it’s just a bit more complicated.
What’s Your Disposable Income?
To understand disposable income, you have to understand “allowable expenses.”
The IRS maintains a list of National Standards for what they consider to be the five necessary expense categories: food, housekeeping supplies, apparel and services, personal care products and services, and miscellaneous. Additionally, the IRS maintains national and local standards for transportation, housing, utilities and more.
The standards represent the accepted amount each category should cost each month, and varies depending on the size of the household. These are your allowable expenses.
How to Calculate Disposable Income
In order to find your disposable income (for bankruptcy filing purposes), you take your monthly household income and subtract the allowable expense for every category (based on the size of your household). What’s left over is your disposable income.
Now take your monthly disposable income and multiply it by 60. That gives you your projected disposable income over five years. If it’s less than $6,000 you’ll very likely qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy. If it’s more than $10,000 you probably won’t qualify.
If it’s between $6,000 and $10,000 it’s even more complicated (I warned you).
Basically, you need to compare your projected disposable income over five years to your current unsecured, non-priority debts (credit card debts, medical bills, unsecured personal loans, etc.). If your projected disposable income is more than 25 percent of your unsecured debt, then you would likely not qualify for Chapter 7 bankruptcy (the thought being that you’ll have enough money available to make some kind of repayment on your debt.)
If your projected disposable income is less than 25 percent of your unsecured debt, then you will probably qualify for Chapter 7.
Do You Feel It's Time to Declare Bankruptcy?
Once you’ve looked at your finances, the next step is to look inside.
- Have you tried alternatives and they just haven’t worked?
- Do you feel “done with it”?
- Do you understand how you got to this point and what you need to do differently to avoid repeating your mistakes?
- Are you prepared to do the hard work of filing bankruptcy and the even harder work of starting over?
Chances are good that once you’ve gone through all the numbers and calculations you’ll know on some level what you need to do.
Use Bankruptcy Resources for Support
The idea of bankruptcy is, in a way, the idea of letting go. It’s an admission – not of failure, but of a need for help.
If you decide to file for bankruptcy, don’t be embarrassed and don’t go alone. Talk about it with the people who matter most to you. Let them know why you’re doing what you’re doing. Let them support you.
If you have more questions about bankruptcy, visit our bankruptcy resource page for additional information and resources.
Not sure if bankruptcy is right for you? Connect with a certified financial counselor to discuss your debt repayment options. Counseling is free and confidential.
